Criminalization of homophobia

collective action, individual punishment

Authors

Keywords:

Omission, Political responsibility, Collectivity

Abstract

This text argues that homophobia is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather an expression of a homophobic collective subject: a social group whose members share prejudices against LGBT+ people and whose repeated actions (or omissions) promote discrimination, violence, and suicide. While the law focuses on the individual agent, punishing those who commit specific acts, it fails to hold this collective subject legally accountable. Political accountability, however, falls on both individuals and collectives: there is a moral and civic duty to act against homophobia. Recognizing this collectivity points to the need for public policies that go beyond isolated punishment and address structural intolerance.

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Author Biography

Geraldo Miniuci, Universidade de São Paulo

Livre-docente em Direito Internacional pela Faculdade de Direito da USP. Doutor em Direito Internacional pela Faculdade de Direito da USP. Professor Associado do Departamento de Direito Internacional e Comparado da Faculdade de Direito da USP. 

References

BRASIL. Secretaria de Direitos Humanos (SDH). Relatório sobre violência homofóbica no Brasil: ano de 2011/Secretaria de Direitos Humanos; Priscila Pinto Calaf, Gustavo Carvalho Bernardes e Gabriel dos Santos Rocha (organizadores). Brasília, DF: Secretaria de Direitos Humanos, 2012.

BRATMAN, Michael. “Geteilte Absichten”. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 55(3), p. 409-424, 2007.

GERBER, Doris; ZANETTI, Véronique. Kollektive Verantwortung und internationale Beziehungen. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2010.

GILBERT, Margaret. Collective guilt and collective guilt feelings. The Journal of Ethics, v. 6, n. 2, p. 115-143, 2002.

GRUPO GAY DA BAHIA – (GGB). Mortes violentas de LGBT+ no Brasil. Relatório 2018. Disponível em: https://homofobiamata.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/relatorio-2018-1.pdf.

MINIUCI, Geraldo. Genocídio: crime coletivo, responsabilidade individual. Rev. direitos fundam. democ., v. 22, n. 3, p. 197-214, set./dez. 2017. DOI: 10.25192/issn.1982-0496.rdfd.v22i3742.

REVISTA CULT. Disponível em: https://revistacult.uol.com.br/home/dossie-omovimento-lgbt-brasileiro-40-anos-de-luta/. Acesso em: 30 mai. 2019.

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Published

2019-09-09

How to Cite

MINIUCI, Geraldo. Criminalization of homophobia: collective action, individual punishment. Boletim IBCCRIM, São Paulo, v. 27, n. 322, p. 22–24, 2019. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.ibccrim.org.br/index.php/boletim_1993/article/view/2374. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2026.

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 322 (2019): Boletim IBCCRIM - Setembro

Section

Doutrina

License

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