Ruano Torres v. El Salvador
brief reflection on the parameters of effective defense in the inter-American human rights system
Keywords:
legal assistance, public defender, presumption of innocence, state duty, international standardsAbstract
The article analyzes the judgment of the Ruano Torres v. El Salvador case before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which found the Salvadoran State responsible for violations of the right to defense, the presumption of innocence, and due process of law. This decision reinforced the requirement that state legal aid be effective, implying an adequate institutional structure, diligent performance by public defenders, and functional independence. This has given rise to central debates on the parameters for evaluating technical defense in the inter-American system, as well as on the ethical limits of defense practice in a criminal context. The study concludes that the real protection of the rights of the accused requires more than formalities: it requires material, professional, and institutional conditions that ensure equality of arms and respect for international standards.
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