Offenses against the environment
criminal liability and sanctions
Keywords:
Environment, Criminal liability, Legal entities, Diffuse interests, Environmental legislationAbstract
The Report of the Brazilian Group for the XV International Congress of Criminal Law answers a questionnaire on criminal protection of the environment in Brazil. The methodology is normative and dogmatic analysis, with examination of the 1988 Federal Constitution (art. 225), the Penal Code, the Misdemeanor Law and special legislation (Forest Code, Hunting Code, Fishing Code, Pesticide Law, etc.). The rapporteur addresses the constitutional definition of the environment as a common good of the people, the distinction between criminal and administrative norms, the concurrent legislative competence between the Union, States and Municipalities, and the application of general principles of Criminal Law (legality, culpability, causality, intent and negligence). He concludes that the Brazilian system protects the environment in its multiple dimensions (water, air, soil, flora, fauna), admitting real and potential aggressions, and that criminal liability is exclusively personal and subjective, falling on natural persons, not legal entities.
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