Mecanismos para a implementação do direito internacional dos direitos humanos em territórios ocupados
desafios jurídicos e formas de aumentar a eficácia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624343Keywords:
controle efetivo, monitoramento dos direitos humanos, direito internacional dos direitos humanos, territórios ocupados, veto do Conselho de Segurança da ONUAbstract
Este estudo analisa a aplicação do direito internacional dos direitos humanos em territórios ocupados, focando nas obrigações do ocupante sob o princípio do “controle efetivo”. A análise de resoluções da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), decisões da Corte Internacional de Justiça e práticas estatais revela barreiras sistêmicas: viés político no Conselho de Segurança, sanções inaplicáveis e fiscalização fragmentada. Casos como os territórios palestinos ilustram o abismo entre normas legais e a realidade — violações como assentamentos ilegais e negação de serviços essenciais persistem impunes. Reformas propostas incluem suspender o veto no Conselho de Segurança em votações sobre direitos humanos, capacitar o Tribunal Penal Internacional para investigar crimes de ocupação e enviar missões de monitoramento permanente da ONU. O objetivo é alinhar teoria jurídica com prática, protegendo populações vulneráveis sob ocupação.
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