Ethical issues to the use of artificial intelligence in the criminal justice system

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13630977

Keywords:

intelligent automation, judicial system, deontology, biases, social justice, predictive criminology

Abstract

This article examines the ethical challenges involved in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the criminal justice system. Initially, AI was celebrated for its potential to enhance crime elucidation and predictive criminology, but instances of misapplication and reinforcement of biases raise significant concerns. A qualitative literature review was conducted, analyzing practical cases and relevant academic studies to highlight the challenges and ethical implications of AI usage in the criminal justice system. The selected bibliography was chosen for its academic rigor and current relevance, addressing both the successes and failures of AI, and providing a critical view on biases and the social consequences of these technologies. The aim is to offer a comprehensive and balanced understanding of the subject, with a focus on justice and equity.

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Author Biographies

Anderson de Andrade Bichara, Comunidad de Policías de Américas, Ameripol, Colômbia

Mestre em Criminología Aplicada e Investigación Policial (UCAV-Espanha, 2023). Especialização em Gestão de Órgãos de Segurança Pública (IUPPERJ-EPPG). Especialização em Direito e Processo do Trabalho (UGF). Bacharel em Direito (UFES). Delegado do Secretário-Executivo da AMERIPOL- Comunidad de Policías de Américas.

Fabiana Amaro de Brito, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Unini, México

Doutoranda em Psicologia Forense - UNINI México Mestre em Ciência Policiais (Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna - Lisboa/Portugal). Pós graduação em filosofia e sociologia. Pós graduação em gestão da segurança. Pós graduação em segurança pública, cultura e cidadania. Pós graduação em ciências policiais. Curso de Formação de Oficiais pela Academia de Polícia Militar D. João VI (2003).

References

Angwin, J., Larson, J., Mattu, S., & Kirchner, L. (2016). Machine bias. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing

ARISTÓTELES. Ética a Nicômaco. Tradução de Edson Bini. São Paulo: Edipro, 2009. Original publicado em 350 a.C.

BARABAS, Chelsea. Beyond bias: re-imagining the terms of “ethical AI” in criminal law. Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives, v. 12, n. 2, p. 83-111, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3377921

BAROCAS, Solon; HARDT, Moritz; NARAYANAN, Arvind. Fairness and machine learning: limitations and opportunities. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2023. Disponível em: https://fairmlbook.org/pdf/fairmlbook.pdf. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2024.

BICHARA, Anderson de Andrade; CASCARDO JUNIOR, Agostinho Gomes. Inquérito policial e proibição de viés de confirmação: rebatendo mitos histórico-doutrinários com base na Constituição e em Tratados Internacionais. Jus, 27 maio 2023. Disponível em: https://jus.com.br/artigos/104335/inquerito-policial-e-proibicao-de-vies-de-confirmacao-rebatendo-mitos-historico-doutrinarios-com-base-na-constituicao-e-em-tratados-internacionais. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2024.

EUBANKS, Virginia. Automating inequality: how high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. Nova York: St. Martin’s Press, 2018.

KANT, Immanuel. Groundwork for the metaphysics of morals. Tradução de Allen W. Wood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Original publicado em 1785.

MILL, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Original publicado em 1863.

MITCHELL, Tom M. Machine learning. Nova York: McGraw-Hill Education, 1997.

NOBLE, Safiya Umoja. Algorithms of oppression: how search engines reinforce racism. Nova York: New York University Press, 2018.

RAWLS, John. A theory of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.

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Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

de Andrade Bichara, A., & Amaro de Brito, F. (2024). Ethical issues to the use of artificial intelligence in the criminal justice system. Boletim IBCCRIM, 32(383), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13630977

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 383 (2024): Boletim IBCCRIM - Outubro

Section

Processo Penal

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